The number of ladders was less than the number of snakes as a reminder that a path of good is much more difficult to tread than a path of sins. The morality lesson of the game was that a person can attain salvation ( Moksha) through doing good, whereas by doing evil one will inherit rebirth to lower forms of life. The ladders represented virtues such as generosity, faith, and humility, while the snakes represented vices such as lust, anger, murder, and theft. The board was covered with symbolic images, the top featuring gods, angels, and majestic beings, while the rest of the board was covered with pictures of animals, flowers and people. The game has also been interpreted and used as a tool for teaching the effects of good deeds versus bad. The underlying ideals of the game inspired a version introduced in Victorian England in 1892. It emphasized destiny, as opposed to games such as pachisi, which focused on life as a mixture of skill (free will ) and luck. It was also associated with traditional Hindu philosophy contrasting karma and kama, or destiny and desire. The game was popular in ancient India by the name Moksha Patam. Gyan chauper/Jnan chauper (game of wisdom), the version associated with the Jain philosophy encompassed the concepts like karma and Moksha. Gyan Chaupar ( Jain version of the game), National Museum, New Delhi A commercial version without morality lessons and published by Milton Bradley is named Chutes and Ladders. The historic version had root in morality lessons, where a player's progression up the board represented a life journey complicated by virtues (ladders) and vices (snakes). The game is a simple race contest based on sheer luck, and is popular with young children. The object of the game is to navigate one's game piece, according to die rolls, from the start (bottom square) to the finish (top square), helped or hindered by ladders and snakes respectively. A number of "ladders" and "snakes" are pictured on the board, each connecting two specific board squares. It is played between two or more players on a gameboard having numbered, gridded squares. Snakes and Ladders is an ancient Indian board game regarded today as a worldwide classic. Game of Snakes and Ladders, gouache on cloth (India, 19th century)
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